VOLTAGE RESPONSE OF A PIEZOELECTRIC PLATE UNDER APPLIED FORCE: A SIMPLE ANALYTICAL APPROACH

14. INTERNATIONAL SUMMIT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS, Gaziantep, Türkiye, 1 - 03 Ocak 2026, ss.979-986, (Tam Metin Bildiri)

This paper presents a simplified theoretical analysis of the voltage generated by a piezoelectric plate

subjected to an external force. The study employs the linear relation

𝑉 =

𝑑 ⋅ 𝐹

𝐶

where 𝑑is the piezoelectric charge constant and 𝐶is the capacitance of the sensor, to estimate voltage

output under static loading conditions. The primary objective is to illustrate how variations in applied

force, material properties, and electrical design parameters influence sensor performance.

Calculations were performed for a baseline configuration (𝑑 = 300 pC/N, 𝐶 = 100 nF) and extended

to parametric studies involving different values of 𝑑and 𝐶. Results are presented through four figures:

(i) a schematic of the piezoelectric plate under applied force, (ii) voltage–force characteristics for

baseline parameters, (iii) the effect of varying piezoelectric constant 𝑑, and (iv) the effect of varying

capacitance 𝐶.

The analysis confirms a linear relationship between force and voltage and demonstrates that sensor

sensitivity can be significantly improved by selecting materials with higher piezoelectric constants and

by reducing capacitance. These findings provide a clear and intuitive understanding of the fundamental

behavior of piezoelectric sensors, serving as a practical guide for preliminary design and optimization.