Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
4. Uluslararası Asklepios Tıp, Hemşirelik, Ebelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Kongresi, Aydın, Türkiye, 16 - 18 Şubat 2025, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a globally prevalent pathogen that can lead to severe liver diseases. Currently, HBV infection affects 296 million individuals worldwide and is responsible for 820,000 deaths annually, making it a significant cause of morbidity and mortality (Jeng and Lok, 2023). Additionally, an estimated 1.2 million new infections are reported each year (Beard and Hill, 2024). Serological markers play a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. These markers include hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) (Cadet, 2018). The presence of HBsAg indicates active infection and is typically detected during the early stages of the infection. In addition to these anti-HBs indicates immunity from either vaccination or a past infection. HBeAg positivity signifies active viral replication and increased infectivity, whereas anti-HBe presence suggests a decline in viral replication and reduced infectivity. Anti-HBc antibody is essential in distinguishing between acute and chronic infection; IgM anti-HBc indicates acute infection, while IgG anti-HBc suggests a past or chronic infection (Flisiak et al., 2017). The combination of HBV serological tests is of great importance in determining the stage of infection, making treatment decisions, and assessing the risk of transmission. The evaluation of both HBsAg and anti-HBc tests is necessary to distinguish between acute and chronic hepatitis B infections (Nguyen et al., 2020). In chronic carriers, HBsAg remains positive for a prolonged period, while anti-HBs may become positive if an immune response develops. In inactive carriers, HBeAg becomes negative, anti HBe becomes positive, and HBV DNA levels decrease (Dienstag, 2008). Serological tests used in the diagnosis of HBV infections guide disease management and the development of antiviral treatment strategies. Regular screening, particularly for immunosuppressed patients, pregnant women, and high-risk groups, is critical for controlling HBV infection.