Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Energy Nexus, cilt.20, 2025 (ESCI, Scopus)
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the technical efficiency of greenhouse banana farms with respect to energy use, production costs, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A total of 255 farms were classified into three categories based on their adoption level of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). The mean technical efficiencies for the Poor-, Mid-, and High-Level farms were 69.70 %, 70.60 %, and 88.50 %, corresponding to inefficiencies of 30.30 %, 29.40 %, and 11.50 %, respectively. Total input energies were 95,692.50, 97,854.83, and 98,466.65 MJ ha⁻¹, while the respective output energies were 195,621.88, 210,071.71, and 239,017.85 MJ ha⁻¹. Consequently, energy use efficiencies were 2.04, 2.15, and 2.43, and energy productivities reached 0.69102, 0.72772, and 0.82285 MJ kg⁻¹. Marginal physical productivity (MPP) analysis indicated that labor constituted the dominant contributor to input energy across all farm categories. Renewable energy use was 46,742.05, 47,985.93, and 52,342.32 MJ ha⁻¹, whereas non-renewable energy use was 49,220.71, 49,868.90, and 46,124.33 MJ ha⁻¹ in Poor-, Mid-, and High-Level farms, respectively. Total GHG emissions per hectare were 48,988.67, 45,227.22, and 37,306.99 kg CO₂-eq, corresponding to 0.739, 0.635, and 0.460 kg CO₂-eq per kilogram of banana. Scenario analysis further revealed that achieving 100 % technical efficiency under GAP conditions would enable substantial resource and emission savings. Specifically, average input energy use and GHG emissions could be reduced by 23,914.2 MJ ha⁻¹ and 10,894.3 kg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹, respectively. This improvement would translate into an estimated cost saving of USD 4563.8 per hectare in input energy and an additional USD 10,746.9 per hectare in output energy revenue.