Environmental assessment of land-use transformation and peri-urban resource loss post-february 2023 earthquakes: a case study in Antakya, Türkiye
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, cilt.198, sa.7, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 198 Sayı: 7
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10661-026-15605-6
- Dergi Adı: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, ABI/INFORM, BIOSIS, Compendex, EMBASE, Environment Index, Geobase, Greenfile, MEDLINE, Public Affairs Index, Urban Studies Abstracts, Zoological Record, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Pharma Collection (ProQuest)
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Large-scale disasters fundamentally alter urban spatial structures, often triggering rapid and unsustainable land-use changes during the reconstruction phase. This study quantifies the spatial extent and nature of urban transformation in Antakya, T & uuml;rkiye, following the devastating February 6, 2023, earthquakes, by analyzing Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change between the pre-disaster (2022) and post-reconstruction (2025) periods. To achieve high-accuracy mapping in a spectrally complex post-disaster landscape, we implement an Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) framework coupled with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery. By processing a 36-band dataset including seasonal spectral indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI)), the model successfully navigated the spectral noise of earthquake debris, achieving high Overall Accuracies (89%-90%) and a consistent 94% Producer's Accuracy for the Settlement class. The analysis confirms that the urgent need for reconstruction significantly accelerated urban sprawl, with the Settlement class expanding by 55% (34.7 km2). Cross-tabulation matrices reveal that 45.1 km2 of prime agricultural land were converted to built-up areas, signalling a shift toward a fragmented urban macro-form at the expense of productive peri-urban zones. Furthermore, the 97% increase in Bare Land highlights the intensive spatial disturbance caused by temporary housing and debris removal. Methodologically, this study demonstrates the efficacy of SVM in capturing complex urban textures where spectral confusion is high. The results suggest that centralized rebuilding strategies, despite their emphasis on speed and seismic security, risk creating environmentally compromised urban forms. This study provides a scalable computational framework to assess such ecological trade-offs in disaster recovery zones.