EUROPEAN SCEPTICISM IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY SECURITY: AN ANALYSIS BETWEEN SOFT AND HARD SCEPTICISM THROUGH THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CRISES
VEREDAS DO DIREITO, cilt.23, sa.10, ss.1-27, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 23 Sayı: 10
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.18623/rvd.v23.6492
- Dergi Adı: VEREDAS DO DIREITO
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: HeinOnline-Law Journal Library, Scopus, Law Journal Library (HeinOnline), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), vLex, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-27
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This paper aims to analyse how critiques of the EU’s energy policy effectiveness and legitimacy have manifested within the frameworks of “soft” and “hard” Euroscepticism, through the lens of the Russia-Ukraine crises of 2006, 2009, 2014, and 2022. The research question is: under which conditions have the EU’s energy policies, during periods of energycrisis, intensified or moderated European scepticism? According to the findings, the crises that occurred between 2006 and 2022 largely elevated hard scepticism across Europe while diminishing soft scepticism. In the existing literature, European scepticism has predominantly been analysed through the lenses of economic integration, migration policies, or the democratic legitimacy deficit, whereas energy policy has remained relatively marginal. Studies that directly link energy security with European scepticism are comparatively scarce. By employing a qualitative comparative case analysis approach, this study brings together the literatures on energy security and European scepticism, thereby offering a novel and original contribution to the field.https://revista.domhelder.edu.br/index.php/veredas/article/view/6492/28543This paper aims to analyse how critiques of the EU’s energy policy effectiveness and legitimacy have manifested within the frameworks of “soft” and “hard” Euroscepticism, through the lens of the Russia-Ukraine crises of 2006, 2009, 2014, and 2022. The research question is: under which conditions have the EU’s energy policies, during periods of energycrisis, intensified or moderated European scepticism? According to the findings, the crises that occurred between 2006 and 2022 largely elevated hard scepticism across Europe while diminishing soft scepticism. In the existing literature, European scepticism has predominantly been analysed through the lenses of economic integration, migration policThis paper aims to analyse how critiques of the EU’s energy policy effectiveness and legitimacy have manifested within the frameworks of “soft” and “hard” Euroscepticism, through the lens of the Russia-Ukraine crises of 2006, 2009, 2014, and 2022. The research question is: under which conditions have the EU’s energy policies, during periods of energycrisis, intensified or moderated European scepticism? According to the findings, the crises that occurred between 2006 and 2022 largely elevated hard scepticism across Europe while diminishing soft scepticism. In the existing literature, European scepticism has predominantly been analysed through the lenses of economic integration, migration policies, or the democratic legitimacy deficit, whereas energy policy has remained relatively marginal. Studies that directly link energy security with European scepticism are comparatively scarce. By employing a qualitative comparative case analysis approach, this study brings together the literatures on energy security and European scepticism, thereby offering a novel and original contribution to the field.ies, or the democratic legitimacy deficit, whereas energy policy has remained relatively marginal. Studies that directly link energy security with European scepticism are comparatively scarce. By employing a qualitative comparative case analysis approach, this study brings together the literatures on energy security and European scepticism, thereby offering a novel and original contribution to the field.