Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of thermal biology, cilt.136, ss.104407, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study investigated the effect of prewarming (PD) and thermal manipulation (TM) of long-stored eggs on embryonic development, hatching traits, body weight (BW), rectal temperature (RT), carcass, and organ traits in broilers at 3 days of age (DOA). Hatching eggs were exposed 2 PD treatments (6 h and 9-h) after storage. Each PD treatment was further divided into 2 groups and either incubated with a standard temperature (SI, 37.5 °C) or exposed to high temperature (TM, 39 °C between ED 5 and 17). Therefore, four experimental treatments in a completely randomized design (2 × 2 factorial experimental design) were created as follows: Eggs exposed to 6-h prewarming duration + standard incubation temperature (6-PDSI), eggs exposed to 9-h prewarming duration + standard incubation temperature (9-PDSI), eggs exposed to 6-h prewarming + high incubation temperature (6-PDTM) and eggs exposed to 9-h prewarming + high incubation temperature (9-PDTM). The incubation temperature (INC-T) had no significant effect on egg weight (EW) and egg weight loss (EW-L) (P>0.05). The PD only influenced the Ew-L at embryonic day (ED) 10, which was higher in eggs preheated for 6 h (6-PD) than in eggs preheated for 9 h (9-PD) (P<0.05). The weight of yolk-free body mass (YFBM-w), embryo length (Em-L), and beak length (BL) at ED 15 and the embryo + yolk weight (W-EY), YFBM-w, Em-L, tibia length (TL), and BL at ED 18 were higher in the 6-PD than in the 9-PD (P<0.05). The Embryo + yolk yield (EY-Y), YFBM-w, yield of the yolk-free body mass (YFBM-Y), and Em-L at ED 15 and the W-EY, YFBM-w, and Em-L at ED 18 were significantly higher in TM than in SI embryos (P<0.05). However, the eye width (Ey-w) at ED 15 was higher in the SI than in the TM embryos (P<0.05). The INC-T and PD had no significant effect on hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick weight, and chick yield (P>0.05). However, the chick length was higher in the SI chicks (P<0.05). The body weight, heart, liver, thigh, and intestinal traits were higher in 9-PD chicks, while rectal temperature was lowest in 6-PD chicks (P<0.05). The thigh yield (TH-y) was higher in the TM than in the SI chicks (P<0.05).